Absolute Location - Cross curricular Focus History/Social Sciences

 Navigators use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. On a map or globe, these lines appear as running sideways or horizontally. Lines of longitude run north and south around Earth. These lines go up and down or vertically on a map or globe. These lines create an imaginary graph paper on the Earth. They make it possible to fi nd an absolute, or exact, location on Earth. They even allow us to give an absolute location to a place out in the middle of the ocean. Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. Sailors have used primitive navigation tools, like astrolabes, since ancient times.

 

The astrolabe uses the sun and stars to fi nd an approximate location. Using such tools, they have been able to approximate their distance from the equator. Although their instruments may not have been the high quality we have now, they were incredibly accurate for their time. Lines of longitude tell us how far east or west of the prime meridian we are. Sailors constantly looked for new ways to increase their navigation skills. Still, it wasn’t until the 18th century they were able to measure degrees of longitude. They would have been very envious of the technology available to us today. 

Questions

1) What is the function of lines of latitude and longitude? 

R= To allow us to fi nd an absolute location of a point on Earth

2) Which imaginary lines run north and south?  

R= Longitude

3) Which imaginary lines are based on the Equator? 

R=Latitude

4) Explain what is meant by an absolute location.

R=It is an address of longitude and latitude of a place on Earth

5) In your opinion, which invention was more important: the astrolabe or the magnetic compass? Why?

R= Student´s choice  e places on Earth tod

Article

Study: Moon Is 4.51 Billion Years Old

For almost as long as people have walked on Earth, they have looked up at the moon and wondered: How did the moon get there? How long has it been there?Scientists have studied these questions. And now, a group of researchers from California have an answer. Based on their studies, they think the moon is 4.51 billion years old. For years, researchers have been studying the many rocks American astronauts brought back from the moon between 1969 and 1972. The early rock studies led many scientists to think the moon was formed long ago -- about 4.3 billion years ago.

Scientists believe the moon was created when a huge rocky object about the size of Mars struck a very young Earth.  Then some of the pieces from that violent crash came together in space to form the moon. But that estimated age, 4.3 billion years, created a problem for scientists.

 That is because it does not leave much time for life to get started and develop on planet Earth. Melanie Barboni is a researcher in the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). "Here at UCLA, there has been this study that has found that life could have appeared as early as 4.1 billion years old. So now if you believe the giant impact occurred at 4.3, it doesn't leave you a long time between the impact and basically the Earth being half destroyed and then the Earth acquiring all the conditions you need for life."

Future Will & Future Going To

Will future expresses a spontaneous decision, an assumption with regard to the future or an action in the future that cannot be influenced.

Form of will Future

	positive	negative	question
no differences	I will speak.	I will not speak.	Will I speak?

Use of will Future

• a spontaneous decision
  example: Wait, I will help you.
• an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future
  example: He will probably come back tomorrow.
• a promise
  example: I will not watch TV tonight.
• an action in the future that cannot be influenced
  example: It will rain tomorrow.
• conditional clauses type I
  example: If I arrive late, I will call you.

Going to future expresses a conclusion regarding the immediate future or an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared.

Form of going to Future

	positive	negative	question
I	I am going to speak.	I am not going to speak.	Am I going to speak?
you / we / they	You are going to speak.	You are not going to speak.	Are you going to speak?
he / she / it	He is going to speak.	He is not going to speak.	Is he going to speak?

Use of going to Future

• an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared
  example: I am going to study harder next year.
• a conclusion regarding the immediate future
  example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.